In [8]:
import ctypes
import math as m
from ctypes.util import find_library
In [9]:
# Windows .dll
# Linux .so
In [11]:
libm = ctypes.CDLL(find_library('m'))
csin = libm.sin
csin.restype = ctypes.c_double
x = ctypes.c_double(1.0)
csin(x), m.sin(1.0)
Out[11]:
(0.8414709848078965, 0.8414709848078965)
In [13]:
x_c = ctypes.c_double(1.0)
x_py = 1.0
%timeit csin(x_c)
%timeit m.sin(x_py)

322 ns ± 2.69 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000000 loops each)
131 ns ± 0.565 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000000 loops each)
In [15]:
from time import ctime
libc = ctypes.CDLL(find_library('c'))
ctime(libc.time(None))
Out[15]:
'Mon Dec 14 13:25:33 2020'
In [16]:
%load_ext cython
In [19]:
from cymodule.pymodule import golden_ratio as cythonize_golden_ratio
%timeit cythonize_golden_ratio(1_000_000)

from pymodule import golden_ratio as golden_ratio
%timeit golden_ratio(1_000_000)

59.3 ms ± 187 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
62 ms ± 3.07 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)
In [20]:
%%cython --annotate

def f(x):
    cdef double y = 1.0
    cdef double z = x + y
    return z

print(f(2))

3.0
Out[20]:
Cython: _cython_magic_a25cc206250de381ca3f21379ccb32a8.pyx

Generated by Cython 0.29.15

Yellow lines hint at Python interaction.
Click on a line that starts with a "+" to see the C code that Cython generated for it. 

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In [23]:
! cythonize -3 -a -i cy_golden_ratio.pyx

Compiling /home/jovyan/work/cy_golden_ratio.pyx because it changed.
[1/1] Cythonizing /home/jovyan/work/cy_golden_ratio.pyx
running build_ext
building 'cy_golden_ratio' extension
creating /home/jovyan/work/tmp9biydcrw/home
creating /home/jovyan/work/tmp9biydcrw/home/jovyan
creating /home/jovyan/work/tmp9biydcrw/home/jovyan/work
gcc -pthread -B /opt/conda/compiler_compat -Wl,--sysroot=/ -Wsign-compare -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fPIC -I/opt/conda/include/python3.7m -c /home/jovyan/work/cy_golden_ratio.cpp -o /home/jovyan/work/tmp9biydcrw/home/jovyan/work/cy_golden_ratio.o
cc1plus: warning: command line option ‘-Wstrict-prototypes’ is valid for C/ObjC but not for C++
g++ -pthread -shared -B /opt/conda/compiler_compat -L/opt/conda/lib -Wl,-rpath=/opt/conda/lib -Wl,--no-as-needed -Wl,--sysroot=/ /home/jovyan/work/tmp9biydcrw/home/jovyan/work/cy_golden_ratio.o -o /home/jovyan/work/cy_golden_ratio.cpython-37m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
In [22]:
from cy_golden_ratio import golden_ratio as cy_golden_ratio
%timeit cy_golden_ratio(1_000_000)

20.1 ms ± 529 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
In [24]:
from cy_golden_ratio import golden_ratio as cy_golden_ratio
%timeit cy_golden_ratio(1_000_000)

19.7 ms ± 805 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)
In [25]:
# f2py
In [26]:
# SWIG
In [28]:
# C++: Boost::Python
In [29]:
# Rust + PyO3
In [ ]:
In [30]:
# SciPy lowlevel callable
In [ ]: